Programming paradigms are high-level strategies for structuring computer programs.

🛠 Imperative & Procedural

• Imperative: Direct control over execution and state changes.
• Procedural: Organize logic into functions with data passed as inputs.

🧱 Object-Oriented (OO)

• Focused on "objects" that encapsulate state and behavior.
• Class-based: Inheritance via predefined classes.
• Prototype-based: Inheritance through other objects.

📜 Declarative

• Describe what to achieve, not how.
• Includes paradigms like:
  • Functional: Compose pure functions.
  • Reactive: Focus on data streams and change propagation.

🧩 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

OOP models systems around objects and their interactions.

🧬 Core Components

• Class: Blueprint stored in heap memory (supports abstraction).
• Struct: Lightweight structure stored in stack (no abstraction).
• Object: An instance with state, behavior, and identity.
• Communication: Objects interact via message passing.

🔗 Object Relationships

• Association: HAS-A relationship.